Buddha taught that it was recognition through trial and error of the truth of his teachings—what came to be known as the Four Noble Truths—that determined the positive or negative value of one’s karmic deeds. Study Aid #23 Buddhist Timeline The First Noble Truth—that all is suffering (dukkha)—is the linchpin of the entire system. We suffer, the Buddha taught, because we see permanence where there is only impermanence (anicca). We want to rely on things—fame,
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